Breakpoints

1. #146 – PO-ssibilities Beyond the Drip: IV to PO Antibiotic Transition for Gram-Negative Infections (Part 2)

   13 novembre 20261 h 12 minÉpisode 146À suivre

   Episode Notes Join host Dr. Julie Ann Justo and guests Drs. Conan MacDougall and Majdi Al-Hasan for the second installment of a two-part series on IV to PO antibiotic transition. Turning the focus to …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Episode Notes

   Join host Dr. Julie Ann Justo and guests Drs. Conan MacDougall and Majdi Al-Hasan for the second installment of a two-part series on IV to PO antibiotic transition. Turning the focus to gram-negative infections, this episode explores the evidence for oral therapy, how to choose among agents like fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and beta-lactams, key dosing and PK/PD considerations, patient selection and safety, and practical strategies for implementing early IV to PO transition in clinical practice.

   References:

   1. POET: Iversen K, et al. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):415-424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808312. PMID: 30152252.

   2. OVIVA: Li HK, et al. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):425-436. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1710926. PMID: 30699315.

   3. Kutob LF, et al. Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for definitive therapy of Gram-negative bloodstream infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016 Nov;48(5):498-503. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.013. PMID: 27590704.

   4. Punjabi C, et al. Oral Fluoroquinolone or Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. ß-lactams as Step-Down Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 14;6(10):ofz364. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofz364. PMID: 31412127.

   5. Harris PNA, et al. Proposed primary endpoints for use in clinical trials that compare treatment options for bloodstream infection in adults: a consensus definition. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Aug;23(8):533-541. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.023. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 27810466.

   6. Mponponsuo K, et al. Highly versus less bioavailable oral antibiotics in the treatment of gram-negative bloodstream infections: a propensity-matched cohort analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023 Apr;29(4):490-497. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.10.004. PMID: 36216237.

   7. Cals JW, et al. Dose timing and patient compliance with two antibiotic treatment regimens for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Jun;31(6):531-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.029. PMID: 18457936.

   8. USCAST Presentation: Andes D. Oral cephalosporin STIC against S. aureus and E. coli. 2024 Dec. Accessed at https://www.uscast.org/presentations.

   9. Haynes AS, et al. Cephalexin Model-Informed Dosing Recommendations for Severe Infections: A Pooled Pharmacokinetic Analysis From Infancy to Adulthood. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2026 Sep 26;13(10):ofag611. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofag611. PMID: 42898747.

   10. Narayanan N, et al. Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Breakpoints Against Enterobacterales: Rationale for Revision by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 16;79(2):516-523. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae201. PMID: 38626241.

   11. VanScoy BD, et al. Evaluation of Oral Tebipenem as a Step-Down Therapy following Intravenous Ertapenem against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Hollow-Fiber In Vitro Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023 Mar 16;67(3):e0090822. doi: 10.1128/aac.00908-22. PMID: 36757190.

   12. Heil EL, et al. Optimizing the Management of Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections: Consensus Guidance Using a Modified Delphi Process. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 11;8(10):ofab434. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab434. PMID: 34738022.

   13. Early Oral Switch for Uncomplicated Gram-negative Bacteraemia (INVEST). Clinicaltrials.gov. 2026 Aug. NCT05199324.

   14. Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection Oral Antibiotic Therapy Trial (GOAT). Clinicaltrials.gov. 2026 Mar. NCT06080698.

   15. Kunz Coyne AJ, et al. Oral β-Lactams for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Point-Counterpoint Comparison With Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Fluoroquinolones. Pharmacotherapy. 2026 Mar;46(3):e70118. doi: 10.1002/phar.70118. PMID: 41693075.

   Find out more at https://sidp.pinecast.co

2. #145 – PO-ssibilities Beyond the Drip: IV to PO Antibiotic Transition for Gram-Positive Infections (Part 1)

   6 novembre 20261 h 14 minÉpisode 145À suivre

   Episode Notes Join host Dr. Julie Ann Justo and guests Drs. Nicholas Mercuro and Andrew Haynes for the first installment of a two-part series on IV to PO antibiotic transition. Building on landmark studies such …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Episode Notes

   Join host Dr. Julie Ann Justo and guests Drs. Nicholas Mercuro and Andrew Haynes for the first installment of a two-part series on IV to PO antibiotic transition. Building on landmark studies such as POET, OVIVA, and SABATO, this episode explores the evidence supporting oral therapy for gram-positive bacterial infections, practical implementation strategies, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, pediatric perspectives, and areas where clinicians may still have concerns about transitioning from IV to PO therapy.

   References:

   1. https://sidp.org/SIDPEC, search for on-demand CE course from Drs. Jonathan Ryder & Esther Golnabi entitled, "Breaking Points: Landmark Studies that Shaped Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Part 2: Advancing Oral Therapy" from 9/30/26

   2. SABATO: Kaasch AJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of an early oral switch in low-risk Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SABATO): an international, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 May;24(5):523-534. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00756-9. PMID: 38244557.

   3. Wilcox MH, et al. Complicated skin and skin-structure infections and catheter-related bloodstream infections: noninferiority of linezolid in a phase 3 study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jan 15;48(2):203-12. doi: 10.1086/595686. PMID: 19072714.

   4. OVIVA: Li HK, et al. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):425-436. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1710926. PMID: 30699315.

   5. BALANCE: BALANCE Investigators, Daneman N, et al. Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections. N Engl J Med. 2025 Mar 13;392(11):1065-1078. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404991. PMID: 39565030.

   6. POvIV: Obremskey WT, et al. Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotics for Fracture-Related Infections: The POvIV Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2025 Mar 1;160(3):276-284. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.6439. PMID: 39841468.

   7. DATIPO: Bernard L, et al. Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 27;384(21):1991-2001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2020198. PMID: 34042388.

   8. Gariani K, et al. Three Weeks Versus Six Weeks of Antibiotic Therapy for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Noninferiority Pilot Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1539-e1545. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1758. PMID: 33242083.

   9. Tone A, et al. Six-week versus twelve-week antibiotic therapy for nonsurgically treated diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a multicenter open-label controlled randomized study. Diabetes Care. 2015 Feb;38(2):302-7. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1514. Epub 2014 Nov 20. Erratum in: Diabetes Care. 2015 Apr;38(4):735. doi: 10.2337/dc15-er04b. PMID: 25414157.

   10. POET: Iversen K, et al. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):415-424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808312. PMID: 30152252.

   11. Heldman AW, et al. Oral antibiotic treatment of right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis in injection drug users: prospective randomized comparison with parenteral therapy. Am J Med. 1996 Jul;101(1):68-76. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00070-8. PMID: 8686718.

   12. Bactrim upfront: Paul M, et al. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus vancomycin for severe infections caused by meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015 May 14;350:h2219. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h2219. PMID: 25977146.

   13. Bactrim upfront: Markowitz N, Quinn EL, Saravolatz LD. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with vancomycin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Sep 1;117(5):390-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-5-390. PMID: 1503330.

   14. El-Dalati S, et al. Partial Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Endocarditis With Management by a Multidisciplinary Team: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 28;12(10):ofaf625. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf625. PMID: 41164785.

   15. IV to PO Algorithms: El-Dalati S, et al. Shared Decision-Making for Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A Case Series. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 19;11(4):ofae166. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae166. PMID: 38585184.

   16. Freling S, et al. Real-World Application of Oral Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Sep 11;77(5):672-679. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad119. PMID: 36881940.

   17. DeSimone DC, et al. Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis, Antibiotic Therapy, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2026 Oct 13;154(15):e593-e619. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001466. PMID: 42708190.

   18. VanScoy BD, et al. Evaluation of Oral Tebipenem as a Step-Down Therapy following Intravenous Ertapenem against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Hollow-Fiber In Vitro Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023 Mar 16;67(3):e0090822. doi: 10.1128/aac.00908-22. PMID: 36757190.

   19. Bock M, et al. Attainment of Target Antibiotic Levels by Oral Treatment of Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis: A POET Substudy. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 26;77(2):242-251. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad168. PMID: 36947131.

   20. USCAST Presentation: Andes D. Oral cephalosporin STIC against S. aureus and E. coli. 2024 Dec. Accessed at https://www.uscast.org/presentations.

   21. Haynes AS, et al. Cephalexin Model-Informed Dosing Recommendations for Severe Infections: A Pooled Pharmacokinetic Analysis From Infancy to Adulthood. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2026 Sep 26;13(10):ofag611. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofag611. PMID: 42898747.

   22. Woods CR, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2021 Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Pediatrics. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Sep 23;10(8):801-844. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piab027. PMID: 34350458.

   23. Hikmat S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of high-dose cefalexin 45 mg/kg/dose (maximum 1.5 g) three times daily in children with bone and joint infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2025 Feb 3;80(2):409-412. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae423. PMID: 39568056.

   24. Ongoing BEST trial of high-dose oral cephalexin among pediatric patients with bone and joint infections in Australia and New Zealand: BonE and Joint Infections - Simplifying Treatment in Children Trial (BEST). Clinicaltrials.gov. 2026 Oct. NCT04538053.

   25. Breakpoints Episode #61 – Dosing Consult – Linezolid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 2022 Aug 22. Accessed at https://breakpoints-sidp.org/61-dosing-consult-linezolid-therapeutic-drug-monitoring/.

   26. Walls G, et al. Patient-reported Perceptions, Experiences, and Preferences Around Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2026 Apr 30;82(4):e635-e642. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf522. PMID: 40988120.

   27. Nursing time for IV vs. PO: Jenkins A. IV to oral switch: a novel viewpoint. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023 Oct 3;78(10):2603-2604. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkad239. PMID: 37549305.

   28. Antibiotic Waste Calculator. Accessed at https://ecorxchoice.com.

   29. Juskowich JJ, et al. Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2026 Apr 30;82(4):e674-e681. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf707. PMID: 41419216.

   30. Hawkins MR, et al. Implementing Oral Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infections: Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Improvement. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 16;11(12):ofae683. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae683. PMID: 39660026.

   31. MaineHealth Oral Switch Guideline: Schulz J, et al. Unlocked PO-tential: Impact of an Oral Switch Guideline for Osteomyelitis. 2026 MAD-ID & SIDP Annual Meeting. 2026 May 14-17, Orlando, FL. For a pdf of the poster, please email Nicholas Mercuro, PharmD at [email protected]

   32. Ongoing VA INTREPID Trial: Investigation of Rifampin to Reduce Pedal Amputations for Osteomyelitis in Diabetics (VA INTREPID). Clinicaltrials.gov. 2026 Apr. NCT03012529.

   Find out more at https://sidp.pinecast.co

   Chapitres (2)

   1. 0:00IV to PO - Part 1 GPs
   2. 53:41Marker 2

3. #144 – Top ASHE papers of 2026: Rapid Fire with Editors

   23 octobre 202648 minÉpisode 144À suivre

   Episode Notes Join host Dr. Whitney Buckel and guests Drs. Priya Nori and Brad Langford as they highlight recent publications from Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology (ASHE). This episode …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Episode Notes

   Join host Dr. Whitney Buckel and guests Drs. Priya Nori and Brad Langford as they highlight recent publications from Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology (ASHE). This episode explores antimicrobial stewardship workforce trends, leadership competencies, innovative educational strategies, and environmental sustainability, with practical takeaways to help stewardship professionals strengthen programs and advance patient care

   References:

   1. Breakpoints: The SIDP Podcast. Episode 133: Trash Talk: Earth Day Special on Healthcare Sustainability and Stewardship. Released on April 16, 2026. Available at:Breakpoints website
   2. CASCADES website: CASCADES – Creating a Sustainable Canadian Health System in a Climate Crisis
   3. Hirsch EB, Mott DA, Gilson AM, Aitken SL, Basalyga V, Bergman SJ, Buckel WR, DeSear KE, Farber M, Gaither CA, Gross AE. A national survey of the infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist workforce in the United States: work settings, characteristics, employment activities, resources and needs. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology. 2026 Jan;6(1):e76.
   4. Holubar M, Bhowmick T, Buckel WR, Cosgrove SE, Evans C, File Jr TM, Fitzpatrick M, Leung E, Malani AN, Rios A, Preusker J, Nori P. Guidance for the Knowledge and Skills required for Antimicrobial Stewardship Leaders: an update from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology. 2026 Jan;6(1):e130.
   5. Jeffres MN, McCann T, Salam ME, Brade KD. Seven days, seven quests: gamification to enhance engagement with antimicrobial stewardship resources during Antibiotic Awareness Week. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology. 2026 Jan;6(1):e72.
   6. Langford BJ, Baily P, Livorsi DJ, et al. Five steps to high quality antimicrobial stewardship research. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2024 May 9;4(1):e82.
   7. Lee PS, Gordon H, Ferguson T, Dinh T, Vu M, Nguyen M, Hsiao C, Fong G. EcoRxChoice.com- an SIDP-funded calculator integrating environmental metrics with antimicrobial stewardship. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2026 Jul 6;6(1):e199.
   8. Sustainabil-ID website: Sustainabil-ID
   9. The ASHE Podcast. Episode 32: A Survey of the Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist Workforce in the United States. Released on June 25, 2026. Available via Apple Podcasts or Spotify.
   10. The ASHE Podcast. Episode 35: Guidance for the Knowledge and Skills required for Antimicrobial Stewardship Leaders. Released August 19, 2026. Available via Apple Podcasts or Spotify.

   Find out more at https://sidp.pinecast.co

4. #143 – Tiny Lungs, Big Protection: RSV Prevention in Infants

   9 octobre 202650 minÉpisode 143À suivre

   Episode Notes Join host Dr. Ryan Moenster and guests Drs. Kaitlyn Rivard and Ross England as they discuss current strategies for preventing RSV in infants. Topics include maternal vaccination, long-acting …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Episode Notes

   Join host Dr. Ryan Moenster and guests Drs. Kaitlyn Rivard and Ross England as they discuss current strategies for preventing RSV in infants. Topics include maternal vaccination, long-acting monoclonal antibodies, differences between available products, safety considerations, vaccine hesitancy, and practical implementation strategies to help protect infants from severe RSV disease. Don't miss this timely discussion packed with expert insights and practical pearls for clinicians caring for infants and families during RSV season.

   Funding for this podcast was provided by Sanofi

   Reference:

   1. Hammitt LL, Dagan R, Yuan Y, et al. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 3;386(9):837-846. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110275. PMID: 35235726.

   2. Bebia Z, Reyes O, Jeanfreau R, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (RSVPreF3) in Mothers and Their Infants: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial. J Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 11;228(3):299-310. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad024. PMID: 36722147; PMCID: PMC10420396.

   3. Kampmann B, Madhi SA, Munjal I, et al. Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccine in Pregnancy to Prevent RSV Illness in Infants. N Engl J Med. 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1451-1464. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2216480. Epub 2023 Apr 5. PMID: 37018474.

   4. Wilkins D, Wählby Hamrén U, Chang Y, et al. RSV Neutralizing Antibodies Following Nirsevimab and Palivizumab Dosing. Pediatrics. 2024 Nov 1;154(5):e2024067174. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-067174. PMID: 39350745.

   5. Pérez Marc G, et al. Real-world effectiveness of RSVpreF vaccination during pregnancy against RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalisation in infants during the 2024 RSV season in Argentina (BERNI study): a multicentre, retrospective, test-negative, case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25:1044-1054.

   6. Simões EAF, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2025;145:157-167.

   7. Zar HJ, Simões EAF, Madhi SA, et al. Clesrovimab for Prevention of RSV Disease in Healthy Infants. N Engl J Med. 2025 Oct 2;393(13):1292-1303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2502984. Epub 2025 Sep 17. PMID: 40961446.

   8. Zar HJ, Bont LJ, Manzoni P, et al. Clesrovimab in Infants and Children at Increased Risk for Severe RSV Disease. N Engl J Med. 2025 Oct 2;393(13):1343-1345. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2506107. Epub 2025 Sep 17. PMID: 40961423.

   9. Banooni P, et al. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of an investigational maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 2026;82:e146-e155.

   10. Jabagi M-J, et al. Nirsevimab vs RSVpreF vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization in newborns. JAMA. 2026;335:787-798.

   11. Moline HL, et al. Effectiveness and impact of maternal RSV immunization and nirsevimab on medically attended RSV in US children. JAMA Pediatr. 2026;180:314-324.

   12. Shittu E, Pahud BA, Radley D, Gurtman A, Munjal I. Efficacy and safety outcomes from the MATISSE phase 3 trial of maternal bivalent RSVpreF vaccination among pregnant women vaccinated at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. Swiss Med Wkly. 2026;156:4711.

   13. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for the Prevention of RSV Disease in Infants and Children: Policy Statement. Pediatrics. 2026 Sep 2. doi: 10.1542/peds.2026-079047. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42683691.

   14. Valtuille Z, et al. Effectiveness of nirsevimab immunisation after birth versus RSVpreF maternal vaccination in preventing RSV-related hospitalisations in infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2026;10:481-490

   Find out more at https://sidp.pinecast.co

5. #142 – Does oseltamivir harm critically ill patients? The REMAP-CAP results

   21 septembre 20261 h 3 minÉpisode 142À suivre

   Does oseltamivir harm critically ill patients with influenza? In this Breakpoints and Communicable collaboration, Erin McCreary and Josh Davis are joined by Steve Webb and Steve Tong to discuss the REMAP-CAP …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Does oseltamivir harm critically ill patients with influenza? In this Breakpoints and Communicable collaboration, Erin McCreary and Josh Davis are joined by Steve Webb and Steve Tong to discuss the REMAP-CAP trial results that are challenging a long-standing intensive care practice. Together, they review the study design, key findings, and implications for clinical care, while highlighting the importance of randomized clinical trials in shaping evidence-based medicine. At the time of recording, the REMAP-CAP results were available as a preprint.

   Resources:

   · REMAP-CAP: A Randomised, Embedded, Multi-factorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia, https://www.remapcap.org/

   References:

   1. Murthy S, et al. Oseltamivir for Critically Ill Patients with Influenza: A Randomised Trial. Lancet 2026. Preprint http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7172531

   Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=4063f96c-1ff8c1be-4063b7ad-867b1e11f55a-4ebd02e8eaa2fcc2\&q=1\&e=caf63b63-0143-4fa9-a81b-8d3031af3116\&u=https%3A%2F%2Fsidp.org%2FAboutSIDP – About

   Instagram: @SIDPharm ( https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/) https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

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   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

   X: SIDP (@SIDPharm) / X

   SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

   Find out more at https://sidp.pinecast.co

6. #141 – Prostatitis: Hard to Reach, Harder to Treat

   11 septembre 202659 minÉpisode 141À suivre

   Dr. Prathit Kulkarni, lead author of a recent state-of-the-art review on acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, joins host Dr. Erin McCreary to discuss this complex disease state. They walk through diagnosis …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Dr. Prathit Kulkarni, lead author of a recent state-of-the-art review on acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, joins host Dr. Erin McCreary to discuss this complex disease state. They walk through diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and more. You won’t want to miss this episode!

   References:

   1. Kulkarni PA, Cortés-Penfield NW, Brehm TJ, et al. State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2026;82(1):1-13. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaf483

   Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: SIDP - About

   Instagram: @SIDPharm ( https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/) https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

   X: SIDP (@SIDPharm) / X

   SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

7. #140 – Beta-lactamase inhibitors: “Scientifically elegant, just complex"

   21 août 20261 h 16 minÉpisode 140À suivre

   Gram-negative resistance is beautifully intricate, scientifically elegant, and very complex. Nothing is more exciting than the recently approved and bursting pipeline of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Listen to …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Gram-negative resistance is beautifully intricate, scientifically elegant, and very complex. Nothing is more exciting than the recently approved and bursting pipeline of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Listen to Drs. Sam Aitken and Christophe Le Terrier, along with host Dr. Erin McCreary, describe the nuanced enzymology and other antibacterial properties of beta-lactamase inhibitors. This episode also discusses the concepts of stand-alone inhibitors, resistance development, and more. If you want to learn more about sulbactam, clavulanic acid, tazobactam, avibactam, relebactam, vaborbactam, durlobactam, enmetazobactam, zidebactam, nacubactam, ledaborbactam, taniborbactam, and xeruborbactam – this episode is for you!

   Funding for this podcast was provided by Shionogi Inc.

   References:

   1. Le Terrier C, Nordmann P, Buchs C, et al. Wide dissemination of Gram-negative bacteria producing the taniborbactam-resistant NDM-9 variant: a One Health concern. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023;78(9):2382-2384. doi:10.1093/jac/dkad210

   2. Le Terrier C, Nordmann P, Buchs C, Poirel L. Effect of modification of penicillin-binding protein 3 on susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, aztreonam-avibactam, cefepime-taniborbactam, and cefiderocol of Escherichia coli strains producing broad-spectrum β-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(4):e0154823. doi:10.1128/AAC.01548-23

   3. Le Terrier C, Freire S, Viguier C, Findlay J, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Relative inhibitory activities of the broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor xeruborbactam in comparison with taniborbactam against metallo-β-lactamases produced in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(6):e0157023. doi:10.1128/AAC.01570-23

   4. Le Terrier C, Mlynarcik P, Sadek M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. Relative inhibitory activities of newly developed diazabicyclooctanes, boronic acid derivatives, and penicillin-based sulfone β-lactamase inhibitors against broad-spectrum AmpC β-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024;68(11):e0077524. doi:10.1128/AAC.00775-24

   Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

   Instagram: @SIDPharm ( https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/) https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

   SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

   Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/https://sidp.pinecast.co/

8. #139 – The ART of HIV Care: Evidence, Pearls and Practice

   31 juillet 20261 h 10 minÉpisode 139À suivre

   Join Dr. Whitney Buckel and leading HIV experts Dr. William Short and Dr. Ryan Tomlin for an engaging discussion on the current and future state of HIV care. As treatment and prevention options continue to …

   Notes de l’épisode

   Join Dr. Whitney Buckel and leading HIV experts Dr. William Short and Dr. Ryan Tomlin for an engaging discussion on the current and future state of HIV care. As treatment and prevention options continue to evolve, clinicians face new opportunities and challenges in translating evidence into practice. This episode examines long-acting therapies, prevention innovations, and key implementation considerations, providing practical guidance and real-world perspectives to help healthcare professionals deliver high-quality, evidence-based HIV care.

   Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

   Instagram: @SIDPharm ( https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/) https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

   SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

   Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

9. #138 – You CAN Go Home Again: A review of OPAT and CoPAT from the MAD-ID/SIDP Annual Meeting

   3 juillet 20261 h 15 minÉpisode 138À suivre

   In this must-listen episode, Dr. Ryan Moenster is joined by Dr. Monica Mahoney and Dr. Mark Gilchrist to dive deep into the evolving landscape of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) and complex …

   Notes de l’épisode

   In this must-listen episode, Dr. Ryan Moenster is joined by Dr. Monica Mahoney and Dr. Mark Gilchrist to dive deep into the evolving landscape of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) and complex outpatient antimicrobial therapy (CoPAT), highlighting real-world challenges, patient selection, and emerging treatment strategies. Navigating outpatient antimicrobial management can be complex, but this episode breaks down key insights and practical applications to help clinicians optimize care beyond the hospital.

   References:

   1. Noble AL, Patel S, Birnie E, et al. 2026 updated good practice recommendations for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in adults and children in the UK. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2026;8(2).

   2. British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). OPAT Global Summit 2027.

   3. Naicker S, Roberts JA, Cheng V, et al. A review of antimicrobial stability testing guidance for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programmes: Is it time for global harmonization of testing frameworks? JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2024;6(6).

   4. Gilchrist M, Jamieson C, Drummond F, et al. Assessment of ceftolozane/tazobactam degradation profile and toxicity data in elastomeric devices for continuous infusion via outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2023;5(2).

   5. Naicker S, Roberts JA, Won H, et al. Evaluation of the stability of ceftazidime/avibactam in elastomeric infusion devices used for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy utilizing a national stability protocol framework. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2024;6(2).

   6. Wolie ZT, Unwin S, Burke A, et al. Evaluation of the stability of tigecycline in elastomeric infusion devices used for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2025;7(3).

   7. Solomon DA, Beieler AM, Levy S, et al. Perspectives on the use of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for people who inject drugs: Results from an online survey of infectious diseases clinicians. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(7):ofad372. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad372.

   8. Yagnik KJ, Brown LS, Saad HA, et al. Implementation of IV push antibiotics for outpatients during a national fluid shortage following Hurricane Maria. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(5):ofac117. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac117.

   9. Boettcher SR, Kenney RM, Everson NA, et al. Discharge delays and costs associated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for multidrug-resistant organisms: A retrospective cohort study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025;13(1):ofaf770.

   10. Rivera CG, Mara KC, Mahoney MV, Ryan KL. Survey of pharmacists on their roles and perceptions of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in the United States. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2022;2(1):e69.

   11. Rapoport AB, Fischer LS, Santibanez S, et al. Infectious diseases physicians’ perspectives regarding injection drug use and related infections—United States, 2017. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018;5(7):ofy132. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy132.

   12. Turner NA, Hamasaki T, Doernberg SB, et al.; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. Dalbavancin for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: The DOTS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2025;334(10):866–877. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.12543.

   13. Volk CF, Hutson PR, Rose WE. Simulated target attainment of multidose regimens of dalbavancin for prolonged durations of therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11(6):ofae315. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae315.

   Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

   Instagram: @SIDPharm ( https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/) https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

   SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

   Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

10. #137 – Hot Topics: What You May Have Missed in Infectious Diseases 2025-2026 (LIVE from MAD-ID)

    19 juin 20261 h 9 minÉpisode 137À suivre

    In this must-listen episode, Dr. Ryan Moenster and Dr. Megan Klatt dive deep into the latest infectious diseases trials, guidelines, and novel therapeutics. Staying current in the field is a challenge, but this …

    Notes de l’épisode

    In this must-listen episode, Dr. Ryan Moenster and Dr. Megan Klatt dive deep into the latest infectious diseases trials, guidelines, and novel therapeutics. Staying current in the field is a challenge, but this podcast episode does the legwork for you.

    Note: BCIDP credit is available for this episode.

    Google Drive to Slides from Live Session: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/11uHzZoValckfsjUTIdVyAJ35QDSVRfQu/view?usp=sharing](https://drive.google.com/file/d/11uHzZoValckfsjUTIdVyAJ35QDSVRfQu/view?usp=sharing "https://drive.google.com/file/d/11uHzZoValckfsjUTIdVyAJ35QDSVRfQu/view?usp=sharing")

    How to Obtain BCIDP Recertification Credit for this Episode: Visit https://sidp.org/BCIDPhttps://sidp.org/BCIDPSIDP - BCIDP Recertification for more information

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

11. #136 – GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes: Call It What You Want, It’s Got a Big Reputation

    5 juin 20261 h 25 minÉpisode 136À suivre

    Group A Streptococcal infections remain a global challenge, spanning common conditions like pharyngitis to severe invasive disease. Dr. Shiranee Sriskandan, Dr. Josh Osowicki, and Dr. Tom Parks join host Dr …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Group A Streptococcal infections remain a global challenge, spanning common conditions like pharyngitis to severe invasive disease. Dr. Shiranee Sriskandan, Dr. Josh Osowicki, and Dr. Tom Parks join host Dr. Erin McCreary to explore the evolving landscape of Group A Strep. From unpacking vaccine development challenges and the ongoing burden of rheumatic fever, to rethinking durations of therapy for strep throat and the role of adjunctive treatments, we have you covered! Join us as we break down key controversies, share expert insights, and highlight practical pearls you can apply in your own practice.

    References:

    1. https://www.lancefieldsociety.org/

    2. Osowicki J, Lamagni TL. Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in the US. JAMA. 2025;333(17):1493-1494. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.3257

    3. Davis K, Abo YN, Steer AC, Osowicki J. Chains of misery: surging invasive group A streptococcal disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2024;37(6):485-493. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000001064

    4. Osowicki J, Azzopardi KI, Fabri L, et al. A controlled human infection model of Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis (CHIVAS-M75): an observational, dose-finding study. Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(7):e291-e299. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30240-8

    5. Hla TK, Osowicki J, Marsh JA, et al. Establishing the lowest penicillin concentration to prevent pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes using a human challenge model (CHIPS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Microbe. 2025;6(5):101038. doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101038

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/)https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

12. #135 – Stewie Struggles: Small Hospital Edition

    22 mai 20261 h 3 minÉpisode 135À suivre

    Small hospitals bring unique stewardship challenges, but also unique opportunities. Dr. Tina Khadem and Dr. Ashley Cubillos join host Dr. Whitney Buckel to discuss the realities of antimicrobial stewardship in …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Small hospitals bring unique stewardship challenges, but also unique opportunities. Dr. Tina Khadem and Dr. Ashley Cubillos join host Dr. Whitney Buckel to discuss the realities of antimicrobial stewardship in small and critical access hospitals. From navigating competing priorities and limited resources, to building strong provider relationships in close-knit communities, we have you covered! Join us as we unpack real-world strategies, challenge common perceptions, and highlight the practical pearls you can apply in your own setting.

    References:

    1. Implementation of Core Elements at Small and Critical Access Hospitals: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/media/pdfs/core-elements-small-critical-508.pdf
    2. Stenehjem E, Hyun DY, Septimus E, Yu KC, Meyer M, Raj D, Srinivasan A. Antibiotic Stewardship in Small Hospitals: Barriers and Potential Solutions. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 15;65(4):691-696.
    3. Veillette JJ, May SS, Gabrellas AD, Gelman SS, Albritton J, Lyons MD, Stenehjem EA, Webb BJ, Dalto JD, Throneberry SK, Stanfield V, Grisel NA, Vento TJ. A Fully Integrated Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship Telehealth Service Improves Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Bundle Adherence and Outcomes in 16 Small Community Hospitals. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Oct 14;9(11):ofac549.
    4. Cubillos AL, Fortier K, Hoang A. P-920. Impact of Positive Blood Culture Antimicrobial Stewardship on Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection Management across Critical Access, Small, and Medium Community Hospitals. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2026 Jan 11;13(Suppl 1):ofaf695.1126.
    5. Smith LM, Ahern JW. Establishing Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Rural Hospitals to Decrease Fluoroquinolone Prescribing: The Vermont Experience. Infect Prev Pract. 2021 Jan 21;3(1):100121.
    6. Kassamali-Escobar Z, et al. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2024. doi: 10.1017/ash.2024.458. Imlay H, Ciarkowski CE, Bryson-Cahn C, et al Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2025. 46: 150–155, doi: 10.1017/ice.2024.206
    7. Ciarkowski CE, Imlay HN, Bryson-Cahn C, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2025. 46: 143–149, doi: 10.1017/ice.2024.171
    8. Stenehjem E, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(5):e2313011. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13011

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/)https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

13. #134 – ESCMID Global Trials: PETER PEN and ASTARTE

    8 mai 20261 h 3 minÉpisode 134À suivre

    Professor Mical Paul and Professor Jesús Rodríguez-Baño join Professor Josh Davis and Dr Erin McCreary for a special Breakpoints and Communicable podcast collaboration. This episode discusses the ‘Trials Run’ …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Professor Mical Paul and Professor Jesús Rodríguez-Baño join Professor Josh Davis and Dr Erin McCreary for a special Breakpoints and Communicable podcast collaboration. This episode discusses the ‘Trials Run’ session at ESCMID Global, where two randomized, clinical trials are presented in great depth. This year, both trials focused on treatment of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales bacteremia. Listen to the authors describe why they performed these trials, results, and implications for clinical practice.

    References:

    1. Paul, M., & Rodríguez-Baño, J. (2026, April 20). The trial run: treatment of ESBL bacteraemia[LW1] - off to never-never land. [Presentation]. ESCMID Global 2026, Munich, Germany. ESCMID Global Virtual Platform.

    2. Bitterman R, Koppel F, Mussini C, et al. Piperacillin-tazobactam versus meropenem for treatment of bloodstream infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a study protocol for a non-inferiority open-label randomised controlled trial (PeterPen). BMJ Open. 2021;11(2):e040210. Published 2021 Feb 8. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040210

    3. Marín-Candón A, Rosso-Fernández CM, Bustos de Godoy N, et al. Temocillin versus meropenem for the targeted treatment of bacteraemia due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ASTARTÉ): protocol for a randomised, pragmatic trial [Internet]. BMJ Open. 2021 Sep 27;11(9):e049481. Available from: bmj.com doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049481

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/)https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

14. #133 – Trash talk: Earth Day Special on Healthcare Sustainability and Stewardship

    17 avril 202648 minÉpisode 133À suivre

    Climate change in the context of healthcare can feel overwhelming but it doesn’t have to be paralyzing. We’re diving into the intersection of climate change and antimicrobial resistance with a focus on …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Climate change in the context of healthcare can feel overwhelming but it doesn’t have to be paralyzing. We’re diving into the intersection of climate change and antimicrobial resistance with a focus on practical, actionable steps healthcare organizations can take. Drs. Shreya Doshi, Andrea Pallotta and Preeti Jaggi join Dr. Whitney Buckel to talk about what’s real, what matters for healthcare, and where stewardship teams can make a meaningful impact.

    References:

    1. Sustainabil‑ID. https://sustainabil-id.com/

    2. National Academy of Medicine. Climate Collaborative.https://nam.edu/our-work/programs/climate-and-health/climate-collaborative/

    3. Medicine for a Changing Planet. https://www.medicineforachangingplanet.org

    4. Cascades Canada. https://cascadescanada.ca/

    5. EcoRxChoice. https://ecorxchoice.com

    6. Rx for Climate. https://www.rxforclimate.org/

    7. Practice Greenhealth. https://practicegreenhealth.org

    8. Healthcare Without Harm. https://healthcarewithoutharm.org

    9. Healthcare Sustainability and Infectious Diseases. _J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc._https://academic.oup.com/jpids/pages/healthcare-sustainability-and-infectious-diseases

    10. PubMed. PMID: 40434281. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40434281/

    11. PubMed Central. PMC12616928. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12616928/

    12. Sustainable Healthcare Networks. Scale and spread quality improvement initiative promoting metronidazole IV‑to‑oral switch.https://networks.sustainablehealthcare.org.uk/resources/scale-and-spread-quality-improvement-initiative-promoting-metronidazole-iv-oral-switch-

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/)https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

15. #132 – Complicated UTIs: What’s Crystal Clear & What’s Still Cloudy

    13 mars 20261 h 9 minÉpisode 132À suivre

    Episode Notes Complicated UTIs just got a whole lot less complicated—or did they? Dr. Dana Bowers and Kyle Molina (@kcmolinaID) join Dr. Whitney Buckel to break down what’s new, what’s controversial, and what …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Episode Notes

    Complicated UTIs just got a whole lot less complicated—or did they? Dr. Dana Bowers and Kyle Molina (@kcmolinaID) join Dr. Whitney Buckel to break down what’s new, what’s controversial, and what this means for your day‑to‑day antimicrobial decisions. Join us as we dig into the biggest updates, the evidence behind them, and the clinical pearls you won’t want to miss.

    References:

    Nelson Z, Aslan AT, Beahm NP, et al. Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatrics and Adults: A WikiGuidelines Group Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Nov 4;7(11):e2444495.

    Trautner BW, Cortes-Penfield NW, Gupta K, et al. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI): Clinical Guidelines for Treatment and Management. Published July 17, 2025. https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/complicated-urinary-tract-infections/

    Kadry N, Natarajan M, Bein E, Kim P, Farley J. Discordant Clinical and Microbiological Outcomes Are Associated With Late Clinical Relapse in Clinical Trials for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2023;76(10:1768-1775. https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/76/10/1768/6980780

    USCAST Oral cephalosporin STIC against S. aureus and E. coli meeting recording. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HieaVFAC08s

    MacDougall C. A Cloudy Crystal Ball: Critically Assessing and Rethinking the Antibiogram. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(11):1501-1503. doi:10.1093/cid/ciad468

    Koehl J, Spolsdoff D, Negaard B, et al. Cephalosporins for Outpatient Pyelonephritis in the Emergency Department: COPY-ED Study. Ann Emerg Med. 2025;85(3):240-248. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.10.013

    Dunne MW, Aronin SI, Das AF, et al. Sulopenem for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Including Pyelonephritis: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(1):78-88. doi:10.1093/cid/ciac704

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) or @breakpointspodcast_sidp (https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/)https://www.instagram.com/breakpointspodcast_sidp/?hl=en

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

16. #131 – Drawing the Line: The Writing, Reach, and Limits of Guidelines

    22 février 20261 hÉpisode 131À suivre

    In this third collaboration between SIDP’s Breakpoints and ESCMID’s Communicable podcasts, hosts Erin McCreary and Angela Huttner invite two veteran authors of guidelines and guidances, Pranita Tamma …

    Notes de l’épisode

    In this third collaboration between SIDP’s Breakpoints and ESCMID’s Communicable podcasts, hosts Erin McCreary and Angela Huttner invite two veteran authors of guidelines and guidances, Pranita Tamma (Philadelphia, USA) and Benedikt Huttner (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) [1-3]. Together, they deconstruct the complex landscape of developing and implementing guidelines into digestible components: they discuss why different organizations develop guidelines and what need they hope to fulfil, the framework including the GRADE methodology under which guidelines are written, and major barriers in the uptake of guidelines. The conversation also details the distinction between guideline and guidance as well as the art and science behind formulating recommendations or suggestions, with a few anecdotal cases sprinkled in from the panel.

    References

    1. WHO handbook for guideline development, 2nd Edition, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548960

    2. The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062382

    3. IDSA 2024 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Infections, https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance/

    Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About

    Twitter: @SIDPharm (https://twitter.com/SIDPharm)

    Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/)

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/

    SIDP welcomes pharmacists and non-pharmacist members with an interest in infectious diseases, learn how to join here: https://sidp.org/Become-a-Member

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/

17. #130 – Dosing Consult: Amoxicillin

    30 janvier 20261 hÉpisode 130À suivre

    Drs. Ted Morton and Christine Lockowitz join Dr. Ryan Moenster to discuss all things amoxicillin, particularly in our pediatric patients. Our guests answer common questions, such as, what formulations should be …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. Ted Morton and Christine Lockowitz join Dr. Ryan Moenster to discuss all things amoxicillin, particularly in our pediatric patients. Our guests answer common questions, such as, what formulations should be used for certain infectious conditions and/or organisms and how to dose amoxicillin to maximize PK/PD optimization without inducing potential adverse events. It is a must-listen for all!

    This episode also qualifies for 1 hour of BCIDP credit! How to Obtain BCIDP Recertification Credit for this Episode: Visit sidp.org/BCIDP for more information.

    References:

    1. Bradley JS, Garonzik SM, Forrest A, Bhavnani SM. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and Monte Carlo simulation: selecting the best antimicrobial dose to treat an infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Nov;29(11):1043-6. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181f42a53. PMID: 20975453.

    2. Craig WA. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Jan;26(1):1-10; quiz 11-2. doi: 10.1086/516284. PMID: 9455502.

    3. Hakenbeck R, Grebe T, Zähner D, Stock JB. beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: penicillin-binding proteins and non-penicillin-binding proteins. Mol Microbiol. 1999 Aug;33(4):673-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01521.x. PMID: 10447877.

    4. Bax R. Development of a twice daily dosing regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanate. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Dec;30 Suppl 2:S118-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.09.002. Epub 2007 Nov 5. PMID: 17983732.

    5. Bielicki JA, Stöhr W, Barratt S, Dunn D, Naufal N, Roland D, Sturgeon K, Finn A, Rodriguez-Ruiz JP, Malhotra-Kumar S, Powell C, Faust SN, Alcock AE, Hall D, Robinson G, Hawcutt DB, Lyttle MD, Gibb DM, Sharland M; PERUKI, GAPRUKI, and the CAP-IT Trial Group. Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Nov 2;326(17):1713-1724. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17843. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021 Dec 7;326(21):2208. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.20219. PMID: 34726708; PMCID: PMC8564579.

18. #129 – Game of Spores: Blasto, Histo, Crypto, and Cocci

    16 janvier 20261 h 23 minÉpisode 129À suivre

    We’re starting 2026 off with a BLAST as Dr. Gregory Eschenauer and Dr. George R Thompson make their Breakpoints debut to discuss Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Cryptococcus. They join host Erin …

    Notes de l’épisode

    We’re starting 2026 off with a BLAST as Dr. Gregory Eschenauer and Dr. George R Thompson make their Breakpoints debut to discuss Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Cryptococcus. They join host Erin McCreary in reviewing epidemiology, diagnostics, clinical presentation, and treatment of these fungal infections. You won’t want to miss this episode!

19. #128 – IDWeek 2025 Recap

    19 décembre 20251 h 36 minÉpisode 128À suivre

    Ring in the end of the year with our Breakpoints hosts and a review of all things IDWeek 2025! Join Drs. Erin McCreary, Julie Ann Justo, Whitney Buckel, and Ryan Moenster as they cover top late breaking …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Ring in the end of the year with our Breakpoints hosts and a review of all things IDWeek 2025! Join Drs. Erin McCreary, Julie Ann Justo, Whitney Buckel, and Ryan Moenster as they cover top late breaking abstracts, new stewardship data, practice-changing clinical trials, and much more.

    How to Obtain BCIDP Recertification Credit for this Episode: Visit sidp.org/BCIDP for more information

    Visit our website! https://breakpoints-sidp.org/

20. #127 – What’s Pneu in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Part 2

    28 novembre 202552 minÉpisode 127À suivre

    As promised, our host Dr, Ryan Moenster is back and breaking down the recently published ATS pneumonia guidelines — what’s pneu, what’s controversial, and what it means for your antimicrobial game! Dr. Whitney …

    Notes de l’épisode

    As promised, our host Dr, Ryan Moenster is back and breaking down the recently published ATS pneumonia guidelines — what’s pneu, what’s controversial, and what it means for your antimicrobial game! Dr. Whitney Hartlage (@whithartlage11) is back to join the conversation, plus fresh takes from Drs. Sharon Weissman and Sahil Angelo (@angelo_sahil).

    References:

    1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Jul 18. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202507-1692ST. Online ahead of print.

    2. IDSA Sepsis Task Force. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) POSITION STATEMENT: Why IDSA Did Not Endorse the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 May 2;66(10):1631-1635. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix997. PMID: 29182749; PMCID: PMC6927848.

21. #126 – What’s the Microbiome Gut to Do with It

    14 novembre 20251 h 8 minÉpisode 126À suivre

    Dr. Julie Ann Justo is joined by experts Drs. Krista Gens and Javier A. Villafuerte Gálvez as they dive deep into the gut microbiome and explore the latest therapeutic frontier for C. difficile infections. From …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Dr. Julie Ann Justo is joined by experts Drs. Krista Gens and Javier A. Villafuerte Gálvez as they dive deep into the gut microbiome and explore the latest therapeutic frontier for C. difficile infections. From bacteria battles to breakthrough treatments, this one’s a must-listen! You can also review the helpful infographic on our website (https://breakpoints-sidp.org/infographics/).

    This podcast was supported by an unrestricted grant from Nestlé Health Science.

    References:

    1. Helpful review from one of our guest experts: Gens KD, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation and emerging treatments for Clostridium difficile infection. J Pharm Pract. 2013 Oct;26(5):498-505. doi: 10.1177/0897190013499527. PMID: 23966282.

    2. More modern review: Herbin SR, et al. Breaking the Cycle of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infections: A Narrative Review Exploring Current and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. J Pharm Pract. 2024 Dec;37(6):1361-1373. doi: 10.1177/08971900241248883. Epub 2024 May 13. PMID: 38739837.

    3. Review on designing microbiota based therapies (pre-print only): Ke S, et al. Rational Design of Live Biotherapeutic Products for the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection. 2024 May 02. doi: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591969.

    4. [FDA Guidance regarding IND requirements for fecal microbiota transplant](https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/enforcement-policy-regarding-investigational-new-drug-requirements-use-fecal-microbiota). 2022 Nov.

    5. OpenBiome webpage with resources for hospitals: How to Start an FMT Program. 2025.

    6. Peery AF, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Fecal Microbiota-Based Therapies for Select Gastrointestinal Diseases. Gastroenterology. 2024 Mar;166(3):409-434. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.01.008. PMID: 38395525.

    7. Johnson S, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): 2021 Focused Update Guidelines on Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 7;73(5):755-757. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab718. PMID: 34492699.

    8. Henry Ford’s experience getting fecal microbiota products for patients: Abene S. Fecal Microbiota Capsules Improve CDI Access Through Specialty Pharmacy Integration. Contagion Live. 2025 Jul 11.

    9. An international view on CDI management: Mendo-Lopez R, et al. Best Practices in the Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Developing Nations. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 19;9(8):185. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9080185. PMID: 39195623.

    10. Review on investigational LBP agents: Monday L, et al. Microbiota-Based Live Biotherapeutic Products for Clostridioides Difficile Infection- The Devil is in the Details. Infect Drug Resist. 2024 Feb 15;17:623-639. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S419243. PMID: 38375101.

    11. More on quorum sensing: Falà AK, et al. Quorum sensing in human gut and food microbiomes: Significance and potential for therapeutic targeting. Front Microbiol. 2022 Nov 25;13:1002185. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002185. PMID: 36504831.

    12. Economic impacts of CDI pts: Reilly J, et al. Economic impact of multiple recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in a community teaching hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2025 Sep 29:1-3. doi: 10.1017/ice.2025.10295. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41020576.

22. #125 – The Scariest and Baddest: Burkholderia, Achromobacter, and Elizabethkingia

    31 octobre 20251 h 33 minÉpisode 125À suivre

    Drs. Maria Mojica, Robert Bonomo, and Ryan Shields join Dr. Erin McCreary (@erinmccreary) for a Halloween special reviewing the scariest resistance mechanisms and baddest bugs – Burkholderia spp., Achromobacter …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. Maria Mojica, Robert Bonomo, and Ryan Shields join Dr. Erin McCreary (@erinmccreary) for a Halloween special reviewing the scariest resistance mechanisms and baddest bugs – Burkholderia spp., Achromobacter spp., and Elizabethkingia spp. Never have beta lactamase enzymes and other complexities been explained so hauntingly well. We don’t want to spook you, but these environmental, opportunistic pathogens are found around the globe. While we hope you don’t encounter them, take a listen to prepare in case one jumps out in your practice!

    This episode was sponsored by an unrestricted grant from Shionogi Inc.

    References:

    1. Spencer HK, Spitznogle SL, Borjan J, Aitken SL. An Overview of the Treatment of Less Common Non-Lactose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria. Pharmacotherapy. 2020 Sep;40(9):936-951. doi: 10.1002/phar.2447. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 32687670.
    2. Defining antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and breakpoints among Achromobacter species
    3. SIDP 2025 Webinar | Mind the Gap: CLSI M100 Updates to Optimize Stewardship and Patient Care Outcomes
    4. Yasmin M, Rojas LJ, Marshall SH, Hujer AM, Cmolik A, Marshall E, Boucher HW, Vila AJ, Soldevila M, Diene SM, Rolain JM, Bonomo RA. Characterization of a Novel Pathogen in Immunocompromised Patients: Elizabethkingia anophelis-Exploring the Scope of Resistance to Contemporary Antimicrobial Agents and β-lactamase Inhibitors. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 31;10(2):ofad014. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad014. PMID: 36820316; PMCID: PMC9938519.
    5. Warner NC, Bartelt LA, Lachiewicz AM, Tompkins KM, Miller MB, Alby K, Jones MB, Carr AL, Alexander J, Gainey AB, Daniels R, Burch AK, Brown DE, Brownstein MJ, Cheema F, Linder KE, Shields RK, Longworth S, van Duin D. Cefiderocol for the Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1754-e1757. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1847. PMID: 33313656; PMCID: PMC8678443.
    6. El Chakhtoura NG, Saade E, Wilson BM, Perez F, Papp-Wallace KM, Bonomo RA. A 17-Year Nationwide Study of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infections Among Patients in the United States Veterans Health Administration. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 15;65(8):1253-1259. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix559. PMID: 29017247; PMCID: PMC5848224.

23. #124 – Dosing Consult: Cefepime

    10 octobre 20251 h 16 minÉpisode 124À suivre

    Drs. Erin Barreto (@erin_barreto) and Jeffrey Lipman join Dr. Whitney Buckel for a conversation on ideal dosing of cefepime. Hear from the experts on the differences between package insert and “high-dose” …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. Erin Barreto (@erin_barreto) and Jeffrey Lipman join Dr. Whitney Buckel for a conversation on ideal dosing of cefepime. Hear from the experts on the differences between package insert and “high-dose” regimens, adjustments for renal impairment/augmented renal clearance, and the role of cefepime therapeutic drug monitoring.

    References:

    1. Barreto EF, et al. Setting the Beta-Lactam Therapeutic Range for Critically Ill Patients: Is There a Floor or Even a Ceiling? Crit Care Explor. 2021 Jun 11;3(6):e0446.PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34136822/
    2. Barreto EF, et al. Adequacy of cefepime concentrations in the early phase of critical illness: A case for precision pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2023 Nov;43(11):1112-1120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36648390/
    3. ** **Udy AA, et al. Augmented renal clearance: implications for antibacterial dosing in the critically ill. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;49(1):1-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20000886/
    4. Lipman J, Wallis SC, Boots RJ. Cefepime versus cefpirome: the importance of creatinine clearance. Anesth Analg. 2003 Oct;97(4):1149-1154. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000077077.54084.B0.PMID: 14500173
    5. Roberts JA, Ulldemolins M, Roberts MS, McWhinney B, Ungerer J, Paterson DL, Lipman J. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactams in critically ill patients: proof of concept. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010 Oct;36(4):332-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.008. Epub 2010 Aug 3.PMID: 20685085

24. #122 – The Role of The Pharmacist in Antimicrobial Stewardship in Latin America

    26 septembre 202550 minÉpisode 122À suivre

    In our first episode released in both English and Spanish, Drs. Laila Woc-Colburn and Nicholás Ignacio Valdebenito Farías join Dr. José Pablo Díaz Madriz to discuss the role of the pharmacist in antimicrobial …

    Notes de l’épisode

    In our first episode released in both English and Spanish, Drs. Laila Woc-Colburn and Nicholás Ignacio Valdebenito Farías join Dr. José Pablo Díaz Madriz to discuss the role of the pharmacist in antimicrobial stewardship in Latin America. They discuss the need for growth of antimicrobial stewardship programs across Latin America, how pharmacists can expand their roles to support multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship teams, and much more! Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/. Visit our website! https://breakpoints-sidp.org/

    References:

    1. Ciapponi A, Bardach A, Sandoval MM, Palermo MC, Navarro E, Espinal C, Quirós R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of deaths attributable to antimicrobial resistance, Latin America. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Nov;29(11):2335-44. doi:10.3201/eid2911.230753. PMID:37877573; PMCID:PMC10617342.
    2. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. The burden of antimicrobial resistance in the Americas in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Aug 8;25:100561. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100561. Erratum in: Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Nov 10;28:100632. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100632. PMID:37727594; PMCID:PMC10505822.
    3. Fabre V, Secaira C, Cosgrove SE, Lessa FC, Patel TS, Alvarez AA, Anchiraico LM, Del Carmen Bangher M, Barberis MF, Burokas MS, Castañeda X, Colque AM, De Ascencao G, Esquivel C, Ezcurra C, Falleroni LA, Frassone N, Garzón MI, Gomez C, Gonzalez JA, Hernandez D, Laplume D, Lemir CG, Maldonado Briones H, Melgar M, Mesplet F, Martinez G, Pertuz CM, Moreno C, Nemirovsky C, Nuccetelli Y, Palacio B, Sandoval N, Vergara H, Videla H, Villamandos S, Villareal O, Viteri A, Quiros R. Deep dive into gaps and barriers to implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals in Latin America. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 5;77(Suppl 1):S53-S61. doi:10.1093/cid/ciad184. PMID:37406044; PMCID:PMC10321692.
    4. Charani E, Smith I, Skodvin B, Perozziello A, Lucet JC, Lescure FX, Birgand G, Poda A, Ahmad R, Singh S, Holmes AH. Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries: a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 16;14(1):e0209847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209847. PMID:30650099; PMCID:PMC6335060.
    5. Bavestrello L, Cabello Á, Casanova D. Impact of regulatory measures on antibiotic sales in Chile. Rev Med Chil. 2002 Nov;130(11):1265-72. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872002001100009. ISSN 0034-9887.
    6. Díaz-Madriz JP, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program in a private hospital in Costa Rica. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44:e57. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.57.
    7. Díaz-Madriz JP, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program on the prescription of antibiotics by intensive care physicians in a Latin American hospital: a retrospective study. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2022;5(11):1148-55. doi:10.1002/jac5.1708.
    8. Domínguez I, et al. Evaluación del consumo de antimicrobianos en 15 hospitales chilenos: resultados de un trabajo colaborativo, 2013. Rev Chil Infectol. 2016 Jun;33(3):307-12. doi:10.4067/S0716-10182016000300010. ISSN 0716-1018.
    9. Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Norma general técnica N°210 para la racionalización del uso de antimicrobianos en la atención clínica. Resolución Exenta N°1146, 2020. Disponible en: https://diprece.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/RES.-EXENTA-N%C2%B01146-Aprueba-Norma-Gral.-Te%CC%81cnica-N%C2%B00210-para-la-racionalizacio%CC%81n-del-uso-de-antimicrobianos-en-la-Atencio%CC%81n-Cli%CC%81nica_v2.pdf

25. #123 – Rol del Farmacéutico en los PROA en América Latina

    26 septembre 202556 minÉpisode 123À suivre

    En nuestro primer episodio publicado tanto en inglés como en español, la Dra. Laila Woc-Colburn y el QF. Nicolás Ignacio Valdebenito Farías se unen al Dr. José Pablo Díaz Madriz para hablar sobre el papel del …

    Notes de l’épisode

    En nuestro primer episodio publicado tanto en inglés como en español, la Dra. Laila Woc-Colburn y el QF. Nicolás Ignacio Valdebenito Farías se unen al Dr. José Pablo Díaz Madriz para hablar sobre el papel del farmacéutico en los PROA en América Latina. Ellos discuten la necesidad de expandir los PROA en toda la región, cómo los farmacéuticos pueden ampliar sus funciones para apoyar equipos multidisciplinarios dedicados a esta labor, ¡y mucho más!

    1. Ciapponi A, Bardach A, Sandoval MM, Palermo MC, Navarro E, Espinal C, Quirós R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of deaths attributable to antimicrobial resistance, Latin America. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Nov;29(11):2335-44. doi:10.3201/eid2911.230753. PMID:37877573; PMCID:PMC10617342.
    2. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. The burden of antimicrobial resistance in the Americas in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Aug 8;25:100561. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100561. Erratum in: Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Nov 10;28:100632. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100632. PMID:37727594; PMCID:PMC10505822.
    3. Fabre V, Secaira C, Cosgrove SE, Lessa FC, Patel TS, Alvarez AA, Anchiraico LM, Del Carmen Bangher M, Barberis MF, Burokas MS, Castañeda X, Colque AM, De Ascencao G, Esquivel C, Ezcurra C, Falleroni LA, Frassone N, Garzón MI, Gomez C, Gonzalez JA, Hernandez D, Laplume D, Lemir CG, Maldonado Briones H, Melgar M, Mesplet F, Martinez G, Pertuz CM, Moreno C, Nemirovsky C, Nuccetelli Y, Palacio B, Sandoval N, Vergara H, Videla H, Villamandos S, Villareal O, Viteri A, Quiros R. Deep dive into gaps and barriers to implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals in Latin America. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jul 5;77(Suppl 1):S53-S61. doi:10.1093/cid/ciad184. PMID:37406044; PMCID:PMC10321692.
    4. Charani E, Smith I, Skodvin B, Perozziello A, Lucet JC, Lescure FX, Birgand G, Poda A, Ahmad R, Singh S, Holmes AH. Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries: a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 16;14(1):e0209847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209847. PMID:30650099; PMCID:PMC6335060.
    5. Bavestrello L, Cabello Á, Casanova D. Impact of regulatory measures on antibiotic sales in Chile. Rev Med Chil. 2002 Nov;130(11):1265-72. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872002001100009. ISSN 0034-9887.
    6. Díaz-Madriz JP, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program in a private hospital in Costa Rica. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44:e57. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.57.
    7. Díaz-Madriz JP, et al. Impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship program on the prescription of antibiotics by intensive care physicians in a Latin American hospital: a retrospective study. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2022;5(11):1148-55. doi:10.1002/jac5.1708.
    8. Domínguez I, et al. Evaluación del consumo de antimicrobianos en 15 hospitales chilenos: resultados de un trabajo colaborativo, 2013. Rev Chil Infectol. 2016 Jun;33(3):307-12. doi:10.4067/S0716-10182016000300010. ISSN 0716-1018.
    9. Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Norma general técnica N°210 para la racionalización del uso de antimicrobianos en la atención clínica. Resolución Exenta N°1146, 2020. Disponible en: https://diprece.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/RES.-EXENTA-N%C2%B01146-Aprueba-Norma-Gral.-Te%CC%81cnica-N%C2%B00210-para-la-racionalizacio%CC%81n-del-uso-de-antimicrobianos-en-la-Atencio%CC%81n-Cli%CC%81nica_v2.pdf

26. #121 – Finding BALANCE in Antibiotic Durations: The BALANCE Trial

    19 septembre 20251 h 10 minÉpisode 121À suivre

    In this second-ever collaboration between SIDP’s Breakpoints and ESCMID’s Communicable podcasts, hosts Erin McCreary and Angela Huttner invite the two principal investigators and visionaries who spearheaded the …

    Notes de l’épisode

    In this second-ever collaboration between SIDP’s Breakpoints and ESCMID’s Communicable podcasts, hosts Erin McCreary and Angela Huttner invite the two principal investigators and visionaries who spearheaded the Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness (BALANCE) trial, Nick Daneman and Rob Fowler from Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, for a “deep dive into all things that went into this trial.” The BALANCE trial spanned over ten years investigating - as the acronym title suggests - whether a shorter treatment duration of seven days was non-inferior to the standard of care of fourteen days for bacteremia. The conversation covers everything from the initial hallway discussions that sparked the trial, the trial itself that screened over 36,000 patients and enrolled +3,600, its impact on clinical practice, key takeaways, and what’s next for Daneman and Fowler.

    References:

    1. BALANCE Investigators, et al. Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections. N Engl J Med. 2025 March. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2404991

27. #120 – What’s Pneu in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

    22 août 20251 h 6 minÉpisode 120À suivre

    Drs. Whitney Hartlage (@whithartlage11) and Sam Windham join Dr. Ryan Moenster to discuss updates in the diagnosis and management of community-acquire pneumonia. Hear from our guests on the role of rapid …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. Whitney Hartlage (@whithartlage11) and Sam Windham join Dr. Ryan Moenster to discuss updates in the diagnosis and management of community-acquire pneumonia. Hear from our guests on the role of rapid diagnostic tests such as multiplex PCR and urinary antigen tests in the inpatient and outpatient setting, considerations for initiating steroids and withholding macrolides, and when to use short antibiotic durations.

    Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/. Visit our website! https://breakpoints-sidp.org/

    References:

    1. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K, Cooley LA, Dean NC, Fine MJ, Flanders SA, Griffin MR, Metersky ML, Musher DM, Restrepo MI, Whitney CG. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1581ST. PMID: 31573350; PMCID: PMC6812437.
    2. Chaudhuri D, Nei AM, Rochwerg B, Balk RA, Asehnoune K, Cadena R, Carcillo JA, Correa R, Drover K, Esper AM, Gershengorn HB, Hammond NE, Jayaprakash N, Menon K, Nazer L, Pitre T, Qasim ZA, Russell JA, Santos AP, Sarwal A, Spencer-Segal J, Tilouche N, Annane D, Pastores SM. 2024 Focused Update: Guidelines on Use of Corticosteroids in Sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2024 May 1;52(5):e219-e233. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006172. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38240492.
    3. Odeyemi Y, Tekin A, Schanz C, Schreier D, Cole K, Gajic O, Barreto E. Comparative effectiveness of azithromycin versus doxycycline in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia treated with beta-lactams: A multicenter matched cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 May 16:ciaf252. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf252. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40378193.
    4. Butler AM, Nickel KB, Olsen MA, Sahrmann JM, Colvin R, Neuner E, O'Neil CA, Fraser VJ, Durkin MJ. Comparative safety of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of outpatient community-acquired pneumonia among otherwise healthy adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 23:ciae519. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae519. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39442057; PMCID: PMC12355227.
    5. Furukawa Y, Luo Y, Funada S, Onishi A, Ostinelli E, Hamza T, Furukawa TA, Kataoka Y. Optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and duration-effect meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 22;13(3):e061023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061023. PMID: 36948555; PMCID: PMC10040075
    6. Schober T, Wong K, DeLisle G, et al. Clinical outcomes of rapid respiratory virus testing in emergency departments. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(5):528-536.
    7. Clark T, Lindsley K, Wigmosta T, et al. Rapid multiplex PCR for respiratory viruses reduces time to result and improves clinical care: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2023;86(5):462-475.
    8. May L, Robbins EM, Canchola JA, Chugh K, Tran NK. A study to assess the impact of the cobas point-of-care RT-PCR assay (SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B) on patient clinical management in the emergency department of the University of California at David Medical Center. J Clin Virol. 2023:168:105597.
    9. Cartuliares MB, Rosenvinge FS, Mogensen CB, Skovsted TA, Andersen SL, Østergaard C, et al. Evaluation of point-of-care multiplex polymerase chain reaction in guiding antibiotic treatment of patients acutely admitted with suspected community-acquired pneumonia in Denmark: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2023;20:e1004314. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pmed.1004314.
    10. Vaughn VM, Dickson RP, Horowitz JK, Flanders SA. Community-acquired pneumonia: a review. JAMA. 2024;332(15):1282-1295.
    11. Davis MR, McCreary EK, Trzebucki AM. Things we do for no reason – ordering Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11(3):ofae089.
    12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory Testing for Legionella. Updated June 9, 2025. Accessed July 13, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/php/laboratories/index.html.
    13. Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(5):415-427.
    14. Kamat IS, Ramachandram V, Eswaran H, Guffey D, Musher DM. Procalcitonin to distinguish viral from bacterial pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(3):538-542.
    15. Christ-Crain M, Jaccard-Stolz D, Bingisser R, Gencay MM, Huber PR, Tamm M, et al. Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single blinded intervention trial. Lancet. 2004;363:600–7. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(04)15591-8.
    16. Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Wolbers M, Widmer I, et al. Effect of procalcitonin-based guidelines vs standard guidelines on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: the ProHOSP randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;302:1059–66.
    17. Schuetz P, Muller B, Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Tamm M, Bouadma L, et al. Procalci- € tonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Datab System Rev. 2017;10(10):CD007498. doi: 10.1002/14651858. cd007498.pub2.
    18. Huang DT, Yealy DM, Filbin MR, Brown AM, Chang C-CH, Doi Y, et al. Procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotics for lower Respiratory tract infection. New Engl J Med. 2018;379:236–49. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802670.
    19. Dequin PF, Meziani F, Quenot JP, et al. Hydrocortisone in severe community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(19):1623-1634. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2215145.
    20. Gupta AB, Flanders SA, Petty LA, et al. Inappropriate diagnosis of pneumonia among hospitalized adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(5):548-556.
    21. Jones BE, Chapman AB, Ying J, et al. Diagnostic Discordance, Uncertainty, and Treatment Ambiguity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A National Cohort Study of 115 U.S. Veterans Affairs Hospitals. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177(9):1179-1189. doi:10.7326/M23-2505.
    22. Hartlage W, Imlay H, Spivak ES. The role of empiric atypical antibiotic coverage in non-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2024;4(1):e214. doi:10.1017/ash.2024.453.
    23. Dinh A, Barbier F, Bedos JP, et al. Update of guidelines for management of community acquired pneumonia in adults by the French Infectious Disease Society (SPILF) and the French-Speaking Society of Respiratory Diseases (SPLF). Endorsed by the French Infectious Disease Society (SPILF) and the French-Speaking Society of Respiratory Diseases (SPLF); endorsed by the French Intensive Care Society (SRLF), the French Microbiology Society (SFM), the French Radiology Society (SFR), and the French Emergency Society (SFMU). Respir Med and Res. 2025.
    24. El Moussaoui R, de Borgie CAJM, van den Broek P, et al. Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study. BMJ. 2006;332(7554):1355. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7554.1355.
    25. Dinh A, Ropers J, Duran C, et al. Discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10280):1195-1203.

28. #119 – Dosing Consult: Fluconazole

    25 juillet 202551 minÉpisode 119À suivre

    Drs. David Andes and Isabel Spriet join Dr. Jeannette Bouchard to discuss all of the top questions our audience had on fluconazole dosing. Who needs a load? How much fluconazole is too much fluconazole? And …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. David Andes and Isabel Spriet join Dr. Jeannette Bouchard to discuss all of the top questions our audience had on fluconazole dosing. Who needs a load? How much fluconazole is too much fluconazole? And what did one of our experts do when they were asked about dosing fluconazole in a dolphin? Listen in to find out!

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    References:

    1. Fluconazole PK Variability in Critically Ill: DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9102068
    2. DALI Antifungal Follow-up: DOI 10.1186/s13054-015-0758-3

29. #118 – Hot Topics: What You May Have Missed in Infectious Diseases 2024-2025 (LIVE from MAD-ID)

    27 juin 20251 h 16 minÉpisode 118À suivre

    In this special LIVE podcast episode, Drs. Zahra Kassamali Escobar (@zkepharmD) and Jamie Wagner (@jamiewagner) present the latest and greatest in ID literature from MAD-ID 2025 (@MAD_ID_ASP) in Orlando, FL …

    Notes de l’épisode

    In this special LIVE podcast episode, Drs. Zahra Kassamali Escobar (@zkepharmD) and Jamie Wagner (@jamiewagner) present the latest and greatest in ID literature from MAD-ID 2025 (@MAD_ID_ASP) in Orlando, FL. They cover everything from ground-breaking randomized controlled trials and updates to the treatment of resistant gram-negatives to exciting pipeline agents. If you’re behind on what has been published recently in ID, this episode is for you!

    Google Drive to Slides from Live Session: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HdPEJUA2EXk0xL3JKJfuV9-HdGjgRnSD/view?usp=drivesdk

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30. #117 – Amnio-Oh-No You Didn’t: Modernizing Antimicrobial Regimens for Intraamniotic Infections

    23 mai 20251 h 12 minÉpisode 117À suivre

    Drs. Amy Crockett (@amyhcrockett), Ben Ereshefsky (@brainofbpharm), and Pamela Bailey (@pamipenem) join Dr. Julie Ann Justo (@julie_justo) to discuss new treatment strategies for management of intraamniotic …

    Notes de l’épisode

    Drs. Amy Crockett (@amyhcrockett), Ben Ereshefsky (@brainofbpharm), and Pamela Bailey (@pamipenem) join Dr. Julie Ann Justo (@julie_justo) to discuss new treatment strategies for management of intraamniotic infections, also known as chorioamnionitis. They discuss whether it is time to move away from the combination of ampicillin, gentamicin, and/or clindamycin, alternative antibiotic regimens to consider, and stewardship strategies to approach this practice change at a local level.

    References:

    1. Basic stats/epi on chorioamnionitis: Romero R, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term I: microbiology of the amniotic cavity using cultivation and molecular techniques. J Perinat Med. 2015 Jan;43(1):19-36. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2014-0249. PMID: 25720095.
    2. ACOG 2017 Guideline for IAI: Committee Opinion No. 712: Intrapartum Management of Intraamniotic Infection. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Aug;130(2):e95-e101. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002236. PMID: 28742677.
    3. ACOG 2024 Update on clinical criteria for IAI: ACOG Clinical Practice Update: Update on Criteria for Suspected Diagnosis of Intraamniotic Infection. Obstetrics & Gynecology 144(1):p e17-e19, July 2024. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005593
    4. Helpful review with more recent microorganisms : Jung E, et al. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term: definition, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Mar;230(3S):S807-S840. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.002. PMID: 38233317.
    5. Cochrane Review: Chapman E, et al. Antibiotic regimens for management of intra-amniotic infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 19;2014(12):CD010976. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010976.pub2. PMID: 25526426.
    6. Helpful recent review on intrapartum infections: Bailey, P, et al_._ Out with the Old, In with the New: A Review of the Treatment of Intrapartum Infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2024;26:107–113 doi: 10.1007/s11908-024-00838-8.
    7. Role of genital mycoplasmas in IAI: Romero R, et al. Evidence that intra-amniotic infections are often the result of an ascending invasion - a molecular microbiological study. J Perinat Med. 2019 Nov 26;47(9):915-931. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0297. PMID: 31693497.
    8. Regimens without enterococcal coverage with similar clinical outcomes: Blanco JD, et al. Randomized comparison of ceftazidime versus clindamycin-tobramycin in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Oct;24(4):500-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.24.4.500. PMID: 6360038.
    9. Bookstaver PB, et al. A review of antibiotic use in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Nov;35(11):1052-62. doi: 10.1002/phar.1649. PMID: 26598097.
    10. Updated review in pregnancy, includes data on frequency of antibiotic use in pregnancy: Nguyen J, et al. A review of antibiotic safety in pregnancy-2025 update. Pharmacotherapy. 2025 Apr;45(4):227-237. doi: 10.1002/phar.70010. Epub 2025 Mar 19. PMID: 40105039.
    11. Locksmith GJ, et al. High compared with standard gentamicin dosing for chorioamnionitis: a comparison of maternal and fetal serum drug levels. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Mar;105(3):473-9. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000151106.87930.1a. PMID: 15738010.
    12. Clindamycin CDI Risk: Miller AC, et al. Comparison of Different Antibiotics and the Risk for Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case-Control Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 5;10(8):ofad413. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad413. PMID: 37622034.
    13. Impact of penicillin allergy on clindamycin use & cites 47% clindamycin resistance per CDC among GBS: Snider JB, et al. Antibiotic choice for Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis in mothers with reported penicillin allergy and associated newborn outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 May 30;23(1):400. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05697-0. PMID: 37254067.
    14. Clindamycin anaerobic coverage data: Hastey CJ, et al. Changes in the antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from 2007-2009 to 2010-2012 based on the CLSI methodology. Anaerobe. 2016 Dec;42:27-30. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.07.003. PMID: 27427465.
    15. Older PK study of ampicillin & gentamicin for chorioamnionitis: Gilstrap LC 3rd, Bawdon RE, Burris J. Antibiotic concentration in maternal blood, cord blood, and placental membranes in chorioamnionitis. Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Jul;72(1):124-5. PMID: 3380500.
    16. Paper putting out the call for modernization of OB/Gyn antibiotic regimens: Pek Z, Heil E, Wilson E. Getting With the Times: A Review of Peripartum Infections and Proposed Modernized Treatment Regimens. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 5;9(9):ofac460. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac460. PMID: 36168554.
    17. Vanderbilt University Medical Center experience with modernizing OB/Gyn infection regimens: Smiley C, et al. Implementing Updated Intraamniotic Infection Guidelines at a Large Academic Medical Center. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 5;11(9):ofae475. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae475. PMID: 39252868.
    18. Prisma Health/University of South Carolina experience with modernizing OB/Gyn infection regimens: Bailey P, et al. Cefoxitin for Intra-amniotic Infections and Endometritis: A Retrospective Comparison to Traditional Antimicrobial Therapy Regimens Within a Healthcare System. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 19;79(1):247-254. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae042. PMID: 38297884.

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