The Soviet Death Penalty

The fact that the USSR executed its citizens with little jurisprudence is well known. The word “troika” is synonymous with Stalinist repressions of the 1930s. What is less known is that the Soviet Union’s death penalty regime changed significantly in the postwar period. After a brief moratorium adopted by Stalin(!) in 1947, Khrushchev revived capital punishment in 1954 as part of his war on crime. Homicide became a capital offense. The application of the death penalty became professionalized with lawyers, forensics, psychologists, and an appeals process. The narrative of appeals for clemency also changed. Whereas those from the prewar generation often cited a convict’s service to the Soviet state, supplicants after the 1960s portrayed themselves as abandoned by the welfare state. In Fate in My Hands, Yana Skorobogatov looked at about a hundred of these death penalty cases and clemency appeals from 1954-1991 to understand this new regime. What were the circumstances of the crimes and their adjudication? How did those on death row make their appeals? And how did the Soviet system correspond with the death penalty in, say, the United States? Knowing nothing about the Soviet death penalty, the Eurasian Knot spoke to Skorobogatov about her book, Fate in My Hand: The Death Penalty in the Soviet Union, and what it means for the postwar USSR and for us as the death penalty once again appears on the political agenda.

Guest:

Yana Skorobogatov is the Gladys and Roland Harriman Assistant Professor of Russian and Soviet History in the Department of History at Columbia University. She’s the author of Fate in My Hands: The Death Penalty in the Soviet Union published by the University of Chicago Press.

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