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363-卢梭和休谟如何从“好想投入你的怀抱”走向震撼欧洲的世纪大绝交?

August 11, 2026 · 56 min

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1766年,欧洲思想界发生了一场世纪大决裂的哲学家绝交事件。故事的两位主角,一位是素有“好人大卫”之称、温和克制、几乎从不与人撕破脸的大卫·休谟;另一位是已经名满欧洲,却因《爱弥儿》和《社会契约论》遭到通缉、四处流亡的让-雅克·卢梭。一开始,两人的关系几乎称得上如胶似漆。卢梭说,希望能够“在休谟身旁度过生命最后的时光”;休谟则把卢梭称为“现代的苏格拉底”,不仅亲自把他接到英国,还替他找房子、联系出版、争取国王年金,甚至表示自己一生都在努力效法卢梭高洁独立的为人。然而仅仅几个月以后,一封恶作剧式的“腓特烈大帝伪信”,几次含糊其辞的解释,一幅让卢梭非常不满意的肖像,一些被休谟擅自拆开的信件,以及一笔原本出于善意申请的国王年金,让两人的关系迅速滑向深渊。卢梭开始相信,休谟并非自己的朋友,而是一场国际阴谋的幕后参与者;休谟则终于失去了一贯的绅士风度,在书信中痛骂卢梭是“无赖”“疯子”“怪物”。
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