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读资治通鉴:继承制直接导致匈奴内部内斗频仍

August 28, 2026 · 15 min

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匈奴,其先祖夏后氏之苗裔也,曰淳维。唐虞以上有山戎、猃狁、荤粥,居于北蛮,随畜牧而转移。其畜之所多则马、牛、羊,其奇畜则橐駞、驴、驘、駃騠、騊駼、騨騱。逐水草迁徙,毋城郭常处耕田之业,然亦各有分地。毋文书,以言语为约束。儿能骑羊,引弓射鸟鼠;少长则射狐兔:用为食。士力能毋弓,尽为甲骑。其俗,宽则随畜,因射猎禽兽为生业,急则人习战攻以侵伐,其天性也。其长兵则弓矢,短兵则刀鋋。利则进,不利则退,不羞遁走。茍利所在,不知礼义。自君王以下,咸食畜肉,衣其皮革,被旃裘。壮者食肥美,老者食其馀。贵壮健,贱老弱。父死,妻其后母;兄弟死,皆取其妻妻之。其俗有名不讳,而无姓字。


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